Preventive Diabetes and Research.

Updates on diabetes management pathways and research.

Diabetes mellitus(DM): can be redefined as a metabolic disorder associated with inadequate insulin function, which may present with outright insulin dysfunction. DM are majorly classified into type one (1) and type two (2). Some reviewed studies defined diabetes as a group of metabolic disease associated with hyperglycaemia resulting from abnormal insulin production, dysfunction or combination of both. The disease condition were mostly linked to hyperinsulinemia, poor insulin sensitivity, poor diet and high sedentary time.

Reviews Updates:

Research evidence have validated these statements.

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a. HbA1c test should replace capillary blood glucose and fasting plasma glucose test as primary diagnosis test for diabetes.

This will help reduce level of misdiagnosis of diabetes following various factors that may increase or reduce blood glucose in the
bloodstream, (i.e body posture, etc).
b. Evidence has it that stress level may cause the body to secrete excessive glucose in the body by triggering the gluconeogenic enzymes, also alcohol can inhibit the
normal production of glucose and reduce insulin sensitivity, leaving excessive insulin in the body (hyperinsulinaemia).

Hormones instability and use of medications like corticosteroids may lead to artificial glucose raise, which stabilizes after causative factors are eliminated.

Keto diet may not be a delicious diet yet a healthy one.

Earlier before the invention of insulin in 1921 by Sir Frederic G Banting. Development of low carbohydrate and ketogenic diets have evolved to address certain health conditions such as epilepsy, obesity and diabetes. Hence this feature explores the various evidence towards the dietary treatment of type two diabetes involving ketogenic and low carbohydrate diets.

Ketogenic diet (keto diet) as the name implies are food rich in fats, moderate protein and less carbohydrate. They are administered to reduce carbohydrate intake, there by encouraging the liver to convert food fats or body fats into the main source of energy for its functions.

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Relevant evidence base interventions for the reduction and prevention of weight gain on tobacco cessation

Several studies have linked overweight and obesity to post tobacco cessation(TC) which invariably exposes tobacco quitters to type two diabetes, obesity, and other associated complications. Hence a need for a well formulated scientific book to help address the situation.

According to my review findings weight gain following TC can be addressed on the grounds listed below;

  1. Dietary modification, exercise prescription, and stop smoking services.
  2. Pharmacological approaches.
  3. E-cigarette may be considered as an option; See full detail in book.
  4. However it is important to note that the benefits of TC outweigh post-TC weight gain.

Please get full book for detailed explanation on the approach listed above to help reduce weight gain following tobacco cessation.

Recommendable exercise for diabetes patients.

The implementation of physical exercise (PA) in the management of type two diabetes (T2DM) according to (Kirwan et al., 2017) have improved insulin sensitivity and high blood glucose level.

PA has also reduced overall morbidity and mortality.

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Exercise prescription for people with diabetes.

Exercise recommendation for individuals living with diabetes is at least three times a week to seven days (150 to 300 minutes/week).

With two or three consecutive sessions depending on patients’ current aerobic capacity, or submaximal exercise test achieved.

Patients’ comorbidities, frequency, intensity, time and type (FITT) of exercise is also important in the prescription of exercise.

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